The tool opens a real TLS connection to port 443 with the hostname in the SNI extension — the same thing a browser does — reads the certificate the server presents, and closes the connection without requesting a page. It then reports what OpenSSL concluded about the chain, whether the requested hostname is in the certificate's Subject Alternative Names, the validity window and days remaining, and the protocol, cipher and key type that were negotiated. The status is Valid when all of that checks out, Expiring soon under 30 days, and Expired or Not trusted otherwise, with the specific reason spelled out.
How to fix what it finds
An expired or expiring certificate is renewed at whoever issued it — on most platforms (Vercel, Netlify, Cloudflare, cPanel with AutoSSL) that is automatic and a low day count means the automation has failed. A hostname mismatch means the server is presenting a certificate for a different site, usually a default vhost catching a name it was never configured for. A broken chain is fixed by installing the intermediate certificate alongside your own. After any change, re-run this tool: it reads the live handshake, so a stale result means the fix has not been deployed yet, not that it is cached.