It resolves the domain to its IPv4 address, then queries five widely-relied-on DNS-based blacklist (DNSBL) zones to see whether that address appears on any of them. Each zone answers independently, so a domain can be clean on some and listed on others.
How to fix a listing
Removal has to happen at the source: each blacklist operator runs its own delisting request process, almost always free. Before requesting delisting, make sure whatever caused it — a compromised mail account, an open relay, a neighbor on shared hosting — is actually resolved, since most operators will simply re-list an IP that keeps sending abuse.